Even in ancient times, people knew about minerals and their economic and creative utilisation. In Pliny's encyclopaedia "Naturalis Historia" from the 1st century, two books are dedicated to the diversity of soils and the nature of stones. This ancient geological knowledge remained important into modern times. The French sculptor Étienne-Maurice Falconet (1716–1791) analysed Pliny's reports on marble in his "Réflexions sur la sculpture" (1768). For Dr Marthe Kretzschmar, who is investigating the connection between theoretical and practical knowledge, Falconet is a key figure. As one of the few sculptors who also worked theoretically, he influenced the art theorety of the 18th century – a time in which traditional knowledge was increasingly challenged by new scientific findings.
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