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The last ten years a series of events at international scale has challenged the way we see the relationship between Europe and the Middle East, this applies in particular in the humanitarian field. In her keynote at the Herrenhausen Conference, historian and researcher at the Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient (ZMO) in Berlin, Nora Lafi examines how its very notion has been redefined, its ambigitues have been partially disclosed and the way we perceive the past has been deconstructed. What does this mean for the present and future of humanitarianism?